Perbanas International Seminar on Economics, Business, Management, Accounting and IT
Proceedings of the Perbanas International Seminar on Economics, Business, Management, Accounting and IT (PROFICIENT) is one of the results of holding an international conference organized by the Perbanas Institute. This international conference provides the widest possible opportunity for academics (researchers, lecturers, students), practitioners, and the wider community in all parts of the world to participate in contributing their ideas in the fields of economics, business, management, accounting, and information technology. It is hoped that the results of this thought, which are distributed in the form of seminars, discussions, and papers, can become a reference in the development of science in the future, as well as become a reference in the decision-making process for practitioners and regulators. The focus of study at this international conference includes (1) economics, banking industry, and digitalization; (2) financial accounting, auditing, and tax; (3) information technology innovation and business data analytics; (4) digital marketing; (5) human capital; (6) sharia economics; (7) other relevant topics (economics, business, management, accounting, and information technology).
Institut Keuangan-Perbankan Dan Informatika Asia Perbanas
UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE STOCK PRICES ON THE IDX ESG LEADERS
This research aims to ascertain how stock prices in ESG Leaders Index impacted by internal factors with financial ratios of the companies and external factors on economic indicators such as BI rate, exchange rate, and inflation. This research was conducted between 2022 – 2025. This research will be used to inform future studies in the field of financial management. Relevant research is very important in research articles, which serves to strengthen the theory of relationships between variables. The objects in this previous study came from various companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in sector mining, food and beverages, manufacture, banking, and property companies. This research use quantitative research. Data collection method used in this study is purposive sampling method with data analysis technique used in this study is the regression model and Bootstrapping used SEM (statistical equation modeling) in hypothesis testing. In addition, the variables have also been tested using classical assumption test, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, F-test, and T-test.
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ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE, MOTIVATION, TIME BUDGET PRESSURE AND ONLINE-BASED AUDIT TECHNOLOGY ON THE QUALITY OF AUDIT RESULTS
This study aims to analyze the influence of experience, motivation, time budget pressure, and online-based audit technology on audit quality. Audit quality is a crucial factor in maintaining the accuracy and balance of financial statements. This research is grounded in Attribution Theory, which explains that internal characteristics of auditors and their surrounding environment can contribute to their performance in producing high-quality audits. The internal factors examined are auditor experience and motivation, while the external factors are time budget pressure and online-based audit technology. The variables of experience, time budget pressure, and online audit technology individually contribute positively to audit quality, whereas motivation does not have a significant effect. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to auditors working at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in South Jakarta. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 27.0. The results show that time budget pressure and online-based audit technology significantly affect audit quality, while auditor experience and motivation do not have a significant influence. These findings indicate that time budget pressure and online audit technology contribute to producing high-quality audits
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS ON STOCK RETURNS: A STUDY OF NON-FINANCIAL SERVICE FIRMS IN THE IDX
This study analyzes the effect of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Investment (ROI), and financial distress on stock returns of non-financial service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020–2024. Using a quantitative approach with Random Effect Model (REM) panel data regression, data was taken from the annual financial reports of 53 companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 265 observations. The results showed that NPM had a significant positive effect on stock returns. Conversely, ROI had no significant effect. Financial distress, measured by the Altman Z-score, had a significant negative effect. Simultaneously, NPM, ROI, and financial distress had a significant effect on stock returns, with an Adjusted R² of 0.871, indicating that 87.1% of the variation in stock returns can be explained by these variables. This study provides an empirical contribution to the financial literature and a reference for investors, management, and regulators in strategic decision making.
IMPROVING FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION THROUGH THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDITORS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
The purpose of this study is to determine how fraud detection and prevention are improved through the role of auditors and organizational culture. The data obtained from this study are data from interviews with informants at the Ministry of Religion office. This study uses a method of determining competent informant to answer interviews with a total of four informants. The analysis technique of this study uses qualitative data analysis. The results of this study use a description of the conclusion and find that the role of auditors and organizational culture have an effect on improving fraud detection and prevention.
INNOVATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABanLE DIGITAL PRODUCTS: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALIZATION, PRIVACY, AND ECO-DESIGN ON PURCHASE INTENTIONS
In the increasingly competitive landscape of Indonesia’s digital shopping platforms, understanding consumer behavior toward mobile applications has become crucial for sustaining market relevance. This study investigates the influence of personalization, privacy, and eco-design on consumers’ purchase intentions within mobile commerce applications. Anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research emphasizes the importance of integrating perceived usefulness and ease of use through personalized experiences, trust-based privacy assurances, and eco-conscious design strategies. The research employs a quantitative approach with data collected from 250 users of shopping mobile applications in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS software. Results indicate that personalization, privacy, and eco-design each have a significant and positive impact on purchase intention. These findings suggest that integrating user-oriented features, data privacy assurance, and environmentally responsible design into digital product strategies is essential to influence consumer decision-making. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable digital marketing by emphasizing how these variables can serve as strategic levers for enhancing purchase intention in highly saturated and dynamic mobile commerce markets.
WEB-BASED E-RECEIPT IMPLEMENTATION FOR MINIMIZING CONTACT IN TRANSACTIONS
This research aims to address the risk of virus transmission and inefficiencies in traditional transaction processes by developing a web-based electronic receipt (e-receipt) system using QR code technology. The study identifies physical receipts as a medium for indirect contact, particularly concerning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, the system was designed to convert sales transaction data into QR codes, which customers can scan with their smartphones to receive receipts digitally. The implementation was tested in a café environment to measure its operational effectiveness. The results demonstrate that the system successfully reduces service time, minimizes customer queues, and eliminates physical interaction during payment. Additionally, the system improves cost efficiency by lowering the need for paper and printing tools and reduces labor demands at the cashier point. The findings suggest that the proposed solution not only enhances public health protocols but also supports digital transformation and environmental sustainability in small business operations. It is recommended for broader adoption across service industries seeking to modernize transaction processes and improve customer experience through contactless technologies
SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD IN CAKE SHOP SELECTION DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
The process of selecting a cake shop for campus events can be challenging due to the variety of options available, each with differing prices, quality, and services. To address this issue, a Decision Support System (DSS) was developed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, aimed at assisting event organizers in choosing the most suitable cake shop. This research applies SAW to evaluate five alternatives based on key criteria: service, taste, texture, price, and location. Data was collected through observations, expert interviews, and literature studies. Each criterion was weighted based on expert judgment, and a web-based application was built using PHP and MySQL to process and rank the alternatives. The results show that the system successfully identifies the best option, with “Chiquita” ranked as the top recommendation. This DSS model proves effective in supporting decision-making processes and offers an objective, user-friendly tool for optimizing event planning quality.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION, ESG DISCLOSURE, AND MARKET VALUE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA’S ENERGY SECTOR
Inconsistent market responses to financial and non-financial information continue to pose challenges in emerging capital markets. This study examines the impact of accounting information and ESG disclosure on firm market value, while assessing the moderating role of digitalization. The analysis is based on panel data from 32 energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2021 and 2023. We apply a panel data regression using a Fixed Effect Model with robust standard errors. The results indicate that Earnings per Share (EPS) positively influences market value, whereas Book Value per Share (BVPS) shows a significant negative effect. This finding reflects a diminishing relevance of traditional balance sheet indicators in the current market environment. As with Book Value per Share, ESG disclosure—representing a non-financial signal of sustainability commitment—also fails to demonstrate a direct impact on market value. This limited effect may reflect challenges in how sustainability information is conveyed and perceived by investors. In this context, digitalization emerges as a critical factor that reshapes how these signals are transmitted and interpreted. Specifically, it weakens the association between EPS and market value, yet enhances the influence of both BVPS and ESG disclosure. These findings suggest that digital technologies can transform the communication of financial and sustainability-related information.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH, INFLATION, AND TAX REVENUE PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
This research aims to investigate the statistical relationship between key macroeconomic indicators—specifically economic growth and inflation—and the tax revenue performance of Indonesia over a specified multi-year period. By employing quantitative econometric tools such as Pearson correlation coefficient testing and simple linear regression, the study seeks to quantify the degree and direction of association between GDP growth, inflation rates, and annual tax revenue (measured both nominally in trillion Rupiah and via growth rate percentage).
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPANY FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (A STUDY OF MINING AND ENERGY COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE)
A company's financial performance is influenced by social, political, and economic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the condition of a company. This study aims to test whether or not there is a significant influence between before and during the pandemic through independent variables such as Current ratio, Return On Asset, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, and Total Asset Turnover. in mining and energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2022. The data used in this study are secondary data, with data collection techniques using literature study and documentation methods. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling method. The sample used in this study was 15 mining companies and 24 energy companies listed on the IDX. The results of this study are that the financial performance of mining and energy companies listed on the IDX experienced a significant difference in improving in terms of Current Ratio, Return On Asset, and Total Asset Turnover, then experienced a significant difference in decreasing in terms of Net Profit Margin, and did not experience a significant difference in terms of Debt to Equity Ratio. Keywords: Current ratio, Return On Asset, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, and Total Asset Turnover.
THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD STATEMENT 73 ON PROFITABILITY AND SOLVENCY RATIOS: A CASE STUDY OF PT WIJAYA KARYA (PERSERO) TBK
This study aims to analyze the impact of PSAK 73 implementation on company profitability and solvency ratios, using PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk as a case study. PSAK 73 is an accounting standard that regulates the accounting treatment of lease transactions, both from the Lessee and Lessor side. PSAK 73, effective as of January 1, 2020, requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, replacing the previous PSAK 30 standard. The research uses a quantitative method with difference testing on secondary data from the company's financial statements from 2015 to 2024. The results indicate that the implementation of PSAK 73 significantly affects a decrease in profitability ratios such as Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA), and an increase in solvency ratios such as Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). MANOVA statistical tests show that although the PSAK 73 dummy variable approaches significance, only some ratios are statistically significant. Overall, the implementation of PSAK 73 brings substantial changes to the company's financial statement structure and is an important factor in assessing financial performance post-standard adoption.
DETERMINANTS OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SECTORS COMPANIES
This research aims to analyze the determinants of investment decisions, including leverage, cash flow, managerial ownership, and dividend policy. The object of this research is companies in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2023 period. Leverage is measured using the debt-to-assets ratio, cash flow is calculated using the working capital turnover ratio, managerial ownership is measured by the ratio of shares owned by management to the total outstanding shares, and dividend policy is measured using the dividend payout ratio. This research employs a purposive sampling method with 55 observation samples. The analysis is conducted using panel data regression with E-Views 13 software. The results show that leverage and cash flow have a significant positive effect on investment decisions. Meanwhile, managerial ownership and dividend policy has no significant impact on investment decisions
UNVEILING THE DETERMINANTS OF AUDIT DELAY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF BANKS LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Audit delay is a critical issue in the banking industry as it directly relates to the timeliness of financial reporting, which can affect transparency, investor confidence, and overall market stability. This study aims to analyze the impact of firm size, leverage, profitability, and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) on audit delay among banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018–2022 period. A quantitative approach was employed using panel data regression analysis. The research sample consisted of 27 banks selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained from annual financial statements and analyzed using a series of statistical tests, including classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that firm size, leverage, and profitability have a significant influence on audit delay. Specifically, larger firms and those with higher leverage or profitability tend to experience longer audit durations due to increased complexity in financial reporting and heightened procedural requirements. On the other hand, NPL was found to have no significant effect on audit delay, as auditors tend to focus more on risk indicators that directly affect going concern assumptions and the overall reliability of financial statements. These findings underscore the importance of specific financial characteristics in managing audit delays within the banking sector.
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS IN ENHANCING PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
This study examines the influence of corporate governance mechanisms—specifically the audit committee, independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership—on financial performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA), in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period from 2019 to 2023. Using a quantitative approach and panel data regression analysis on 117 manufacturing firms, the research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how governance factors contribute to corporate profitability. The results indicate that the audit committee and institutional ownership do not have a significant effect on ROA, as their roles are more preventive and focused on risk management and long-term governance, which do not directly impact asset performance. Managerial ownership also shows no significant effect, primarily due to its relatively small share proportion and the potential entrenchment effect, which reduces incentives to improve performance. Conversely, independent commissioners have a positive and significant impact on ROA, playing a crucial role in strengthening oversight, enhancing accountability, and driving operational efficiency, which directly contribute to increased company profitability. These findings underscore the importance of independent commissioners in the corporate governance of manufacturing companies to support improved financial performance.
PATIENT SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN CLINIC SERVICES AND WORD OF MOUTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN GREATER JAKARTA
In densely populated urban areas like Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek), outpatient clinics often face disparities in patient visit volumes despite offering similar facilities. This study investigates how perceived service quality, communication, clinic location, and waiting time influence patient satisfaction and word of mouth in a healthcare setting. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 393 patients across seven clinics under the same ownership. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships. Results show that service quality, communication, location, and waiting time significantly influence patient satisfaction, with location and waiting time exerting a direct and significant impact on word of mouth. Meanwhile, communication and service quality affect word of mouth indirectly through satisfaction. Mediation analysis confirms that patient satisfaction significantly mediates the effects of communication, location, and waiting time on word of mouth. However, service quality does not significantly influence word of mouth directly or through satisfaction. The model demonstrates strong validity, reliability, and predictive relevance (R² for satisfaction = 0.721; word of mouth = 0.610; SRMR = 0.047), supporting its use as a strategic evaluation tool. The findings highlight that non-technical service aspects, particularly access and timeliness, are key drivers of patient loyalty and informal promotion in urban healthcare services.
EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC OFFICE MEMORANDUM SYSTEMS IN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS USING TRADE METHOD
This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of the Electronic Official Document System (SINDE) at a government institution using the TRADE (Techniques for Research and Data Evaluation) method. SINDE was implemented to enhance efficiency and transparency in managing electronic document administration within the government. However, despite its implementation, the system still faces technical and operational challenges that hinder its effectiveness, such as delays in document processing, errors when uploading files, and downtime that impacts work effectiveness. This research uses the TRADE method to assess five key dimensions of system performance: Targets, Resources, Analysis, Design, and Evaluation. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires involving various stakeholders. The evaluation results show that the system has achieved good performance in most aspects, with the highest score in the Design aspect (83%) and the lowest score in the Evaluation aspect (79%). Based on these findings, this study provides recommendations to improve performance analysis impact evaluation and strengthen resources and user involvement. The contribution of this research is expected to provide insights and guidance for government institutions in optimizing electronic-based digital administration systems to support more efficient and transparent governance.
GREEN LEADERSHIP IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENERATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT: REFLECTIONS FROM 23 GLOBAL AND LOCAL STUDIES
This study aims to explore and reflect on how the concept of green leadership is understood and implemented in various organizational contexts and across generations, especially Generation Z. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a literature analysis method of 23 scientific articles published nationally and internationally between 2022 and 2025. The results of the study show that green leadership has a significant influence on pro-environmental behavior, green innovation, and employee involvement in sustainability issues. Generation Z shows a high preference for a leadership style that is oriented towards sustainability and environmental ethics. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of green leadership is greatly influenced by organizational characteristics, such as the public sector, education, MSMEs, and the service industry. This study concludes that green leadership is a strategic leadership model for the future that requires adjustments to values ​​and approaches according to the context of generations and organizations. This reflection provides an important contribution to the development of sustainable leadership theory and practice in various sectors.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING BOARDING HOUSES IN SETIABUDI AREA JAKARTA USING SAW METHOD
This study aims to build a decision support system for selecting a boarding house that helps the general public, especially students of the Perbanas Institute, determine a boarding house that fits the desired criteria in the area of Setiabudi Jakarta. The method used in this study is Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), with the criteria used being cost, distance, facilities, and room size. The study results indicate that the system has proven effective in helping to select a boarding house based on predetermined criteria and suitability with the desires of prospective buyers. The SAW method has proven robust and effective in developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for selecting a boarding house. The method's ability to handle multiple criteria, incorporate user preferences, and provide comparative analysis makes it valuable in helping individuals make boarding house choices.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PSAK 71 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ALLOWANCE FOR IMPAIRMENT LOSSES (CKPN) IN THE BANKING SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF PT BANK NEGARA INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK.
This paper analyzes the implementation of PSAK 71, which adopts the expected credit loss (ECL) model, and its impact on the calculation of Allowance for Impairment Losses (CKPN) in the banking sector, using PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. as a case study. The study compares the CKPN values before and after the adoption of PSAK 71 and examines the bank’s strategies in adapting to the new standard. The results show a significant increase in CKPN post-implementation, reflecting a more forward-looking risk assessment. The study highlights the challenges and policy adjustments made by Bank BNI to maintain profitability and capital adequacy.
SHIFTING HABITS : HOW DIGITAL BANKING SERVICES TRANSFORM CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA
This study examines the impact of digital banking services—particularly QRIS and mobile banking—on consumer behavior in Indonesia. A qualitative method is employed, using a literature review approach. Drawing from previous studies, it is noted that earlier research utilized primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 45 active users. The current study explores behavioral shifts and user perceptions regarding the convenience of digital banking. The findings reveal a dual impact: while digitalization significantly enhances transaction efficiency—as acknowledged by 84.4% of respondents—it also introduces behavioral risks. A majority (60%) reported an increase in impulsive purchasing, while 42.2% noted a decline in spending awareness.Moreover, the study identifies a generational gap, with age and digital literacy levels influencing the adoption of digital banking services. The research concludes that alongside technological advancement, there is an urgent need for targeted digital financial literacy programs. Such initiatives are essential to empower consumers to fully leverage the benefits of digital efficiency and accessibility, while mitigating risks related to poor financial control and impulsive spending behaviors in the digital era.
DIGITAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENT LOAN ACCESS IN INDONESIA
Access to affordable higher education remains a major challenge in Indonesia, where student loans are still rarely utilized compared to developed countries. While financial constraints continue to prevent many students from low- and middle-income families from pursuing university education, the rise of digital banking and fintech presents new opportunities for inclusive education financing. This study explores how digital banking platforms and mobile applications can support student loan schemes by offering more accessible, flexible, and technology-driven financial solutions. Through a qualitative descriptive method and literature review, the study identifies key features, benefits, and challenges of implementing digital-based student loan systems. Findings show that digital banking can help overcome traditional lending barriers such as rigid requirements and geographic limitations, while promoting financial inclusion through automation and alternative credit assessments. In light of Indonesia’s upcoming income-contingent loan (ICL) scheme, digital infrastructure, national ID systems, and tax administration improvements are expected to play a critical role in supporting sustainable implementation. The study concludes that digital banking has the potential to transform education financing into an inclusive and equitable system, but success will depend on regulatory readiness, institutional coordination, and digital literacy advancement.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON COMPANY VALUE
This study aims to analyze the effect of Current Ratio, Return on Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio on company value as measured by Price to Book Value in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020–2024. The method used is a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis on 16 companies with a total of 80 observations. The results of the study indicate that Current Ratio does not have a significant positive effect, Return On Equity has a significant positive effect on company value, and Debt to Equity Ratio does not have a significant negative effect. These findings indicate that investors consider profitability and funding structure more in assessing energy sector companies, rather than short-term liquidity. Return On Equity reflects the efficiency of capital management, while proportional Debt to Equity Ratio reflects a productive financing strategy. This study contributes to management and investors in decision making based on financial indicators.
A CORRELATION BETWEEN NON-PERFORMING LOANS (NPL) AND BANK PROFITABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK, 2020–2024
Abstract – This study aims to examine the correlation effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPL), NPL Ratio, Loans, and Credit on corporate profitability. The data utilized in this research is sourced from the annual financial reports of one of Indonesia’s state-owned banks, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The research employs a quantitative associative method, with data analysis conducted through a simple linear regression model. The findings reveal that the factors of Non-Performing Loans (NPL), NPL Ratio, Loans, and Credit demonstrate a positive linear relationship with the company’s profitability. However, the regression analysis indicates that the influence of Loans and NPL as dependent variables on BRI’s profitability, as the independent variable, is not statistically significant. This is attributed to BRI’s substantial revenue streams and other contributing factors that enhance and optimize the bank’s profitability. Keywords: Non-Performing Loans, Profitability, Loans
THE INFLUENCE OF LIVE STREAMING AND CUSTOMER REVIEWS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS MEDIATED BY CUSTOMER TRUST IN THE TIKTOK SHOP APPLICATION OF GENERATION Z IN JAKARTA
This research was conducted to examine the influence of live streaming and customer reviews on purchasing decisions mediated by customer trust in the TikTok Shop Generation Z application in Jakarta. This research employs a quantitative method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. The data is processed using descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS regression analysis through Smart PLS version 4 software. The evaluation in this study includes model evaluation and hypothesis testing. The statistical test results for the seven hypotheses indicate that live streaming has a significant effect on customer trust, customer reviews has a significant effect on customer trust, live streaming has a significant effect on purchase decisions, customer reviews has a significant effect on purchase decisions, customer trust significant effect on purchase decisions, live streaming insignificant effect on purchase decisions through customer trust and customer reviews insignificant effect on purchase decisions through customer trust.
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EXTERNAL AUDITING: INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA
The 4.0 industrial revolution has driven the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that has the potential to transform the field of external auditing. This study employs a systematic literature review to identify, evaluate, and synthesize various findings on the application of AI in auditing. The analysis reveals that AI plays a strategic role in supporting the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of audits on non-financial reporting, such as ESG data. AI-based innovations like continuous auditing and predictive analytics foster "smart auditing," which is more efficient and supports sustainable business practices. Consequently, the auditor's role is transforming from a retrospective examiner to a strategic advisor requiring skills in data analysis, technological literacy, and an understanding of digital ethics. Nevertheless, AI implementation faces significant challenges, including a lack of algorithmic transparency (the "black box" effect), potential bias, competency gaps, and an urgent need for adaptive regulatory frameworks to ensure accountability and data security.
ANALYSIS OF DIGITALIZATION TRENDS IN INDONESIA'S BANKING SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL BANKS
Digital transformation has emerged as a key strategic response within Indonesia's banking sector to address rapid advancements in information and communication technology (ICT), evolving customer behaviors, and intensifying competition from digital banks and fintech companies. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data to compare digitalization strategies between conventional banks (Bank Rakyat Indonesia and Bank Central Asia) and digital banks (Bank Jago and SeaBank). The analysis focuses on mobile banking features, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and electronic Know Your Customer (e-KYC) practices. The findings indicate that digital banks are generally more agile in adopting advanced technologies and streamlining customer onboarding. Conversely, conventional banks face limitations due to legacy systems and manual verification processes. The study concludes that successful banking digitalization depends on the integration of technological innovation, organizational readiness, and an in-depth understanding of customer needs and preferences. These insights offer practical implications for banking institutions and regulators aiming to strengthen digital transformation frameworks in the Indonesian banking industry.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES USING THE DELONE AND MCLEAN MODEL
The implementation of service management systems plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the quality of services for users, including within government institutions. However, challenges such as slow system access and suboptimal features can affect service quality and user satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of service management systems in government agencies using the DeLone and McLean model as the evaluation framework. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey method, involving respondents who are system users within the selected government institution. The research instrument was developed based on the six dimensions of the DeLone and McLean model: system quality, information quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction, and net benefits. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that service quality and information quality have a significant impact on user satisfaction, while system quality does not significantly affect user satisfaction. Furthermore, user satisfaction and system use positively contribute to the net benefits perceived by the organization. These findings suggest that optimizing the service management system should focus on improving quality and meeting user needs. The contribution of this research is to provide data-driven recommendations for policymakers in optimizing service management systems in government agencies.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL, RISK TAKING PROPENSITY, NEED OF ACHIEVEMENT, PERSONALITY, ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY
This study aimed to analyze the influence of internal locus of control, risk-taking propensity, need of achievement, personality, entrepreneurial education, and social support on entrepreneurial decision-making in the furniture industry in Indonesia. The respondents in this study consisted of individuals who decided to pursue entrepreneurship in the furniture industry, total 162 respondents. The research method was quantitative, and the sampling technique was random sampling. The software utilized for data analysis was SPSS 26 with logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that, partially, internal locus of control, need of achievement personality, and social support had a positive and significant influence, while risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurial education had negative and significant influence. Simultaneously, internal locus of control, risk-taking propensity, need of achievement, personality, entrepreneurial education, and social support collectively influence the decision to engage in entrepreneurship. Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics. Based on coefficient of determination test, the independent variables consisting of internal locus of control, risk-taking propensity, need of achievement personality, entrepreneurial education, and social support accounted for 75.5% of the variation in the dependent variable (the decision to engage in entrepreneurship), while the remaining 24.5% was influenced by other variables outside this study.
THE PATH TO LOYALTY: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SERVICE QUALITY, BRAND IMAGE, AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SATISFACTION
This study aims to develop a conceptual model that examines the influence of service quality and brand image on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable, in the context of ULaMM at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani, Bogor Branch. This article presents a conceptual model framework that explains the relationships between these variables. Also discussed are the implications and directions for future research.
A DIGITAL STRATEGY IN THE SKINCARE INDUSTRY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE IN ENHANCING PURCHASE INTENTION
The rapid development of digital technology and internet penetration has significantly transformed global marketing dynamics, including in Indonesia. Social media platforms, particularly TikTok, have emerged as effective tools for engaging with millennial consumers. This conceptual paper aims to examine the influence of social media marketing and influencer credibility on consumers’ purchase intention, with brand image proposed as a mediating variable. Drawing upon relevant literature, this study develops a conceptual framework that highlights the importance of engaging content, digital influencer trustworthiness, and brand perception in shaping consumer behavior. The paper focuses on Skintific, a fast-growing skincare brand that leverages TikTok through influencer collaborations, live streaming, and affiliate strategies to enhance consumer interaction. The findings are expected to provide both theoretical insights and practical implications for digital marketing strategies, particularly in addressing the modern challenges of content-driven, credibility-based, and perception-oriented consumer engagement.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL RATIOS ON IDXTECHNO'S SHARE PRICE IN 2020-2023
This study aims to analyze the effect of return on equity, current ratio, debt to equity ratio and total asset turnover on IDXTECHNO's share price. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling. The sample used in the study as many as ten companies include; Digital Mediatama Maxima Tbk, Nusantara Voucher Distribution Tbk, Elang Mahkota Teknologi Tbk, M Cash Integrasi Tbk, Multipolar Technology Tbk, NFC Indonesia Tbk, Solusi Sinergi Digital Tbk, Anabatic Technologies Tbk, Cashlez Worldwide Indonesia Tbk, Telefast Indonesia Tbk. The data used in this study was obtained from the financial and annual statements of software and IT industry technology companies 2020-2023. The analysis technique used in the study was panel data regression using the Eviews 12 application to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study using the Common Effect Model found that the variables return on equity, current ratio and debt to equity ratio had no significant effect on the stock price and total asset turnover had a significant effect on the IDXTECHNO share price
THE EFFECT OF COMPANY SIZE, RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE), DIVIDEND POLICY, AND STOCK PRICE ON COMPANY VALUE
This study aims to examine the influence of company size, return on equity (ROE), dividend policy, and stock price on the value of telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2023. Using an associative research design with a quantitative approach. The purposive sampling method was selected by selecting 12 companies that met the criteria. With a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis with EViews version 13. It was found that the size of the company negatively and significantly affects the value of the company, the ROE does not significantly affect the value of the company, the dividend policy does not significantly affect the value of the company, and the stock price significantly and positively affects the value of the company. Simultaneously the size of the company, the return on equity, the dividend policy and the share price have a significant influence on the value of the company.
ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS ON NON-PERFORMING FINANCING AT BANK SYARIAH ABC
This study aims to identify external and internal factors that affect non-performing financing at ABC Sharia Bank and find out ABC's strategy in dealing with non-performing financing. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Secondary data collection is obtained from documented sources in the company, namely financial statements, and primary data is obtained through survey research. The population in this study is in the placement work areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi and 126 parties involved in the process of providing and monitoring financing and from this number 116 samples were obtained. The results of the study show that internal factors have a significant influence on determining financing strategies to reduce NPF. Weaknesses in bank management such as Human Resources (HR) Weaknesses of banks such as Bank Officers are involved in personal interests and provide financing to businesses whose cycles are declining and weaknesses in financing documents related to the fulfillment of documents that do not comply with the terms and/or requirements lead to poor financing strategies that increase the risk of non-performing financing. External factors, especially customer factors, have a significant impact on the provision of financing strategies. There are weaknesses in customer capabilities caused by problematic customer businesses so that they are unable to meet financing obligations due to internal customer errors, disease outbreaks, pandemic impacts, difficulty competing in business competition, and business bankruptcy. Financing strategies have a significant effect on non-performing financing, weaknesses in the analysis of financing strategies by banks that are not based on accurate data/low data quality/not well verified have an effect on the increase in the risk of non-performing financing.
THE INFLUENCE OF GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION, AUDIT FEE, AND INCOME MANIPULATION ON AUDITOR SWITCHING WITH FINANCIAL DISTRESS AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
This study investigates the influence of going concern audit opinion, audit fees, and income manipulation on auditor switching, with financial distress as a moderating variable, in energy sector companies listed on the main and development boards of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. A total of 46 companies were selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 184 firm-year observations over a four-year period. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using logistic regression in SPSS version 30. The findings reveal that going concern audit opinions and income manipulation do not significantly affect auditor switching. However, audit fees have a significant positive effect on auditor switching. Furthermore, financial distress moderates the relationship between audit fees and auditor switching, amplifying the likelihood of companies changing auditors when experiencing financial distress. These results highlight the role of financial pressure in audit decision-making processes and indicate that cost considerations become more prominent when companies are under financial strain. The study suggests that regulators and stakeholders should pay closer attention to audit fee arrangements, especially in financially distressed firms, as they may impact auditor independence and the quality of financial reporting.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPETENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON INTERNAL AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS WITH MANAGEMENT SUPPORT AS A MODERATING VARIABLE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT BANK MANDIRI
In the banking environment, the role of internal auditors is becoming increasingly important in driving the effectiveness of internal audits, especially in the digital era that demands the use of technology and adequate competence. This study aims to examine the effect of competence and technology on the effectiveness of internal audits, with management support as a moderating variable. The population in this study was internal auditors working at Bank Mandiri Area Kisamaun Tangerang and all its branches. The sample used was 35 respondents obtained through convenience sampling techniques, namely sample selection based on ease of access and availability of respondents. The data used is primary data collected through online questionnaires using Google Forms. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 application. The results of the study indicate that competence does not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audits. Conversely, technology has a significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audits. In addition, management support is unable to moderate the effect of competence on the effectiveness of internal audits but can moderate the effect of technology on the effectiveness of internal audits.
UNLOCKING WAQF REAL ESTATE POTENTIAL FOR FOOD SECURITY: LEGAL INNOVATIONS AND MAQASID AL-SHARI‘AH PERSPECTIVES
Food security has emerged as a pressing global challenge, particularly in light of climate change, urbanization, and economic instability. Within Islamic finance, waqf (endowment) real estate represents a largely untapped resource with immense potential for sustainable agricultural initiatives. This study assesses the efficacy and acceptance of existing waqf legal frameworks in maximizing waqf real estate resources for national food security initiatives. Using a doctrinal legal analysis combined with qualitative interviews from waqf practitioners and policymakers, the paper explores how innovative legal strategies aligned with Maqasid al-Shari‘ah (the objectives of Islamic law) can unlock idle waqf lands for agricultural production. The research finds that while waqf legislation in many Muslim-majority countries provides a foundation for asset utilization, systemic reforms, particularly regarding governance, registration, and stakeholder accountability, are necessary to realize waqf's full potential. The study proposes a governance and legal reform model to transform waqf real estate into a dynamic instrument for addressing food security in the Islamic world.
THE EFFECT OF DIVIDEND POLICY, LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITY ON COMPANY VALUE
This study aims to identify factors influencing company value in the MNC36 index. Fluctuations in company value in the MNC36 index are of concern because technological developments and increasing financial awareness have driven a surge in the number of new investors in the Indonesian capital market, by analyzing the influence of dividend policy, leverage, and company profitability. The research observations amounted to 35 companies with a sample of 7 MNC36 index companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2019 - 2023 using purposive sampling techniques. The method used in this study is panel data regression analysis with the Fixed Effect model and processed using EViews 12 software. The results of this study indicate that the dividend policy variable has a significant positive effect on company value, then the profitability variable has a significant positive effect on company value and finally the leverage variable has a significant positive effect on company value.
FINANCIAL POLICY, MARKET RESPONSE, AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AS DETERMINANT OF STOCK RETURN
This study is designed to prove the influence of financial policy such as dividend policy proxied by the dividend pay-out ratio (DPR) and debt policy proxied by the debt to equity ratio (DER), market response proxied by the PER, and financial performance proxied by return on equity (ROE) on stocks returns in consumer cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2016 – 2023. The study uses a quantitative approach and using secondary data collected through documentation. The data is processed and analyzed using panel data regression with the assistance of EViews 13 software. The results indicate that DPR dan DER have a positive effect on stocks returns, while PER and ROE do not have effect on stock returns.
THE EFFECT OF AUDIT EXPERIENCE, AUDIT AGILITY, AND REMOTE AUDITING ON INTERNAL AUDIT QUALITY
This study aims to analyze the influence of audit experience, audit agility, and remote audit on the quality of internal audit. The background of this research lies in the increasing complexity of the business environment and the growing need for effective internal control systems, which demand internal auditors to possess strong competencies, agility in adapting to changes, and the ability to utilize technology during the audit process. This research applies a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to A Several internal auditors working at Bank X. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 30. The results indicate that audit experience has no significant effect on internal audit quality, audit agility has a positive and significant effect on internal audit quality, and remote audit also has a positive and significant effect on internal audit quality. This study is expected to contribute to the development of internal audit practices, particularly in strengthening adaptive and technology-based audit strategies.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY SERVICES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Background: Hospital pharmacy services play a critical role in supporting patient safety and therapeutic outcomes. The complexity of medication processes and the high potential for medication errors, particularly involving high-alert medications, necessitate an integrated risk management system and measurable performance indicators. Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze key performance indicators (KPIs), particularly clinical pharmacy KPIs (cpKPIs), and to evaluate risk management strategies in hospital pharmaceutical services. Methods: This research is a systematic literature review employing content analysis on scientific publications from the past decade. Data were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and LILACS, focusing on performance indicators, patient safety, and high-risk medication management. Results: The findings indicate that cpKPIs, including medication reconciliation, patient education, error reporting, and internal audits, are critical components in enhancing the efficiency and safety of pharmacy services. Medication-related risks are mainly attributed to therapeutic complexity, procedural non-compliance, and inadequate staff training. Effective strategies include barcode validation, SOP reinforcement, and pharmacist involvement in therapeutic decisions. Conclusion: The implementation of standardized KPIs and risk management systems significantly improves the quality of hospital pharmacy services. Institutional commitment and technological integration are essential for the successful application of these strategies.